{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:21:29Z","timestamp":1788297689073,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008920","name":"University of Saskatchewan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science and Engineering Research Foundation","award":["RGPIN-342475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-342475"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000106","name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RAPID 1927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RAPID 1927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WIREs RNA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"The unusual role for miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 in promoting the hepatitis C virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) life cycle was first identified in 2005, but its mechanism of action remains uncharacterized. The virus appears to use the microRNA (miRNA<\/jats:styled-content>) in a way that is opposed to that of normal miRNAs<\/jats:styled-content>. Instead of interacting with sequences in the 3\u2032\u2010untranslated region (UTR<\/jats:styled-content>), miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 binds to two sites in the 5\u2032\u2010UTR<\/jats:styled-content>, and instead of silencing gene expression or promoting the degradation of the viral RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, it stabilizes the genome and potently augments the efficiency by which HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> accumulates in infected cells. This review discusses the current knowledge and models for the mechanism by which miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 promotes the HCV<\/jats:styled-content> life cycle. Annealing of miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 to the HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genome requires particular base pairing, stimulates translation, and stabilizes the viral genome by blocking degradation by host exonucleases, but these functions are unlikely to be the whole story. We will discuss other possible functions for miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122, the stages of the HCV<\/jats:styled-content> life cycle at which miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 may influence HCV<\/jats:styled-content>, and other related viruses that may be similarly regulated by miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122. Despite our lack of detailed mechanistic information, antagonism of miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 is emerging as a powerful method to inhibit HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infections, and unique to other HCV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment strategies does not, thus far, appear to induce emergence of escape mutants. Used alone or in combination with other antiviral drugs, miR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010122 antagonists could be useful to both inhibit the virus and provide selective pressure to inhibit the development of resistance. WIREs RNA<\/jats:italic> 2013, 4:665\u2013676. doi: 10.1002\/wrna.1186<\/jats:p>This article is categorized under:\n\nRNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nRegulatory RNAs\/RNAi\/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nRegulatory RNAs\/RNAi\/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nRNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T13:40:15Z","timestamp":1374673215000},"page":"665-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["miR<\/scp>\u2010122 Promotion of the hepatitis C virus life cycle: sound in the silence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Joyce A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Saskatchewan 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