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Although transcription is an essential first step in the induction of proinflammatory genes, tight regulation of inflammation requires more rapid, flexible responses. Increasing evidence shows that such responses are achieved by posttranscriptional mechanisms directly affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. RNA\u2010binding proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs interact with messenger RNA and each other to impact the stability and\/or translation of mRNAs implicated in lung inflammation. Recent research has shown that these biological processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of several important pulmonary conditions. This review will highlight several posttranscriptional control mechanisms that influence lung inflammation and the known associations of derangements in these mechanisms with common respiratory diseases.<jats:italic>WIREs RNA<\/jats:italic>2018, 9:e1455. doi: 10.1002\/wrna.1455<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA in Disease and Development &gt; RNA in Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Structure and Dynamics &gt; Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules &gt; Protein\u2013RNA Interactions: Functional Implications<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Turnover and Surveillance &gt; Regulation of RNA 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