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Documented functions of these proteins include regulating splicing, particularly alternative splicing, 5\u2032 capping and 3\u2032 polyadenylation of RNAs, and RNA export. The assignment of these proteins to the HNRNPF\/H protein family members relates to differences in the amino acid composition of their RNA recognition motifs, which differ from those of other RNA binding proteins (RBPs). HNRNPF\/H proteins typically bind RNA sequences enriched with guanine (G) residues, including sequences that, in the presence of a cation, have the potential to form higher\u2010order G\u2010quadruplex structures. The need to further investigate members of the HNRNPF\/H family of RBPs has intensified with the recent descriptions of their involvement in several disease states, including the pediatric tumor Ewing sarcoma and the hematological malignancy mantle cell lymphoma; newly described groups of developmental syndromes; and neuronal\u2010related disorders, including addictive behavior. Here, to foster the study of the HNRNPF\/H family of RBPs, we discuss features of the genes encoding these proteins, their structures and functions, and emerging contributions to disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA in Disease and Development &gt; RNA in Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Processing &gt; Splicing Regulation\/Alternative Splicing<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules &gt; Protein\u2013RNA Interactions: Functional Implications<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T06:33:03Z","timestamp":1681281183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The <scp>HNRNPF<\/scp>\/H <scp>RNA<\/scp> binding proteins and disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayvia","family":"Brownmiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0001-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Caplen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS  Bethesda Maryland 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