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Each respiratory cycle ensues from the activity of rhythmic neural circuits in the brainstem, shaped by various modulatory signals, including mechanoreceptor feedback sensitive to lung inflation and chemoreceptor feedback dependent on gas composition in blood and tissues. This paper reviews a variety of computational models designed to reproduce experimental findings related to the neural control of breathing and generate predictions for future experimental testing. The review starts from the description of the core respiratory network in the brainstem, representing the central pattern generator (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) responsible for producing rhythmic respiratory activity, and progresses to encompass additional complexities needed to simulate different metabolic challenges, closed\u2010loop feedback control including the lungs, and interactions between the respiratory and autonomic nervous systems. The integrated models considered in this review share a common framework including a distributed\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    core network responsible for generating the baseline three\u2010phase pattern of rhythmic neural activity underlying normal breathing.\n                    <jats:italic>WIREs Syst Biol Med<\/jats:italic>\n                    2017, 9:e1371. doi: 10.1002\/wsbm.1371\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This article is categorized under:\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Analytical and Computational Methods &gt; Computational Methods<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Physiology &gt; Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T21:30:39Z","timestamp":1482615039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Computational models of the neural control of breathing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-1974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslav I.","family":"Molkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 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