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Circadian disruption has been observed in Antarctic expeditioners. The main consequences appear in quality of sleep, which can affect physical and cognitive performance. Physiological adaptation to cold is mediated by the norepinephrine and thyroid hormones (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and 3,5\u2010T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> metabolite). The observed changes in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid (HPT) axis of expeditioners varied according to temperature, photoperiod, time spent in the cold environment and stress level. The decrease in T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> levels has frequently been associated with mood swings. Psychological and physical stressors cause disturbances in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis, with consequent maintenance of high cortisol levels, leading to memory impairment, immunosuppression, and cardiometabolic and reproductive disorders. Preventive measures, such as provision of adequate food, well\u2010established eating times, physical activity and even the use of phototherapy, can all help maintain the circadian rhythm. In addition, the use of high\u2010tech clothing and room temperature control in research stations provide greater protection against the effects of intense cold. However, psychological stress requires a more individualized approach based on the crew's sociocultural characteristics, but it can be mitigated by mental healthcare and training in coping strategies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Cardiovascular Diseases &gt; Molecular and Cellular Physiology<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Cardiovascular Diseases &gt; Environmental Factors<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Metabolic Diseases &gt; Environmental Factors<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T04:36:15Z","timestamp":1649910975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Human adaptative behavior to Antarctic conditions: A review of physiological aspects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliani","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Fluminense Federal University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6402-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jairo","family":"Werner Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Fluminense Federal University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.YFRNE.2011.08.002"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of high altitude on thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormones levels in Taif city","volume":"2","author":"Alhazmi A. 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