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Although it is widely accepted that LTBI transitioning to ATB results from a disruption of host immune balance and a weakening of protective immune responses, the exact underlying immunological mechanisms that promote this conversion are not well characterized. Thus, it is difficult to accurately predict tuberculosis (TB) progression in advance, leaving the LTBI population as a significant threat to TB prevention and control. This article systematically explores three aspects related to the immunoregulatory mechanisms and translational research about LTBI: (1) the distinct immunocytological characteristics of LTBI and ATB, (2) LTBI diagnostic markers discovery related to host anti\u2010TB immunity and metabolic pathways, and (3) vaccine development focus on LTBI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Infectious Diseases &gt; Molecular and Cellular Physiology<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Infectious Diseases &gt; Genetics\/Genomics\/Epigenetics<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Immune System Diseases &gt; Genetics\/Genomics\/Epigenetics<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T05:34:32Z","timestamp":1707888872000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advances in understanding immune homeostasis in latent tuberculosis infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2048-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangfei","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Life Science and 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