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Seizure development following viral infection involves diverse CNS mechanisms, with emerging evidence that peripheral factors, including gut microbiome composition and immune\u2010inflammatory responses, also contribute. The gut microbiome is a multifaceted ecosystem with important roles in CNS health, and advances in sequencing have enabled investigation of host and microbial genomic changes associated with seizure development. While both animal and human studies link gut dysbiosis to epilepsy, including infection\u2010induced epilepsy, the specific effects of viral\u2010induced seizures on the gut microbiome remain unclear. Moreover, the influence of virus\u2010triggered epileptogenesis is not well understood. This review summarizes current knowledge on viral infections linked to seizures and highlights the limited but growing evidence for gut microbial changes in this context. We focus on Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus\u20101 (HSV\u20101), all implicated in human epileptogenesis, though direct microbiome\u2013seizure connections are still limited. We also discuss severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), which causes neurological symptoms without consistently inducing seizures in rodent models despite neurological involvement, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a murine virus widely used as a model of infection\u2010induced seizures because it induces strain\u2010dependent seizures in mice. Current evidence suggests associations among viral infections, gut microbiome alterations, and seizure occurrence; however, further causative studies are needed to define their roles and elucidate underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:16:26Z","timestamp":1792642586000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral Infection\u2010Induced Epilepsy and the Gut Microbiome Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3054-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niomi 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