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Defects in this process result in anencephaly or spina bifida, which together constitute a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children, affecting all ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The subject of intensive research for decades, neural tube defects (NTDs), are understood to arise from complex interactions of genes and environmental conditions, though systems\u2010level details are still elusive. Despite the variety of underlying causes, a single intervention, folic acid supplementation given in the first gestational month, can measurably reduce the occurrence of NTDs in a population. Evidence for and the scope of gene\u2010environment interactions in the genesis of NTDs is discussed. A systems\u2010based approach is now possible toward studies of genetic and environmental influences underlying NTDs that will enable the assessment of individual risk and personalized optimization of prevention. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This article is categorized under:\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Developmental Biology &gt; Developmental Processes in Health and Disease<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.72","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1264773835000},"page":"471-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Gene\u2013environment interactions, folate metabolism and the embryonic nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"M. 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