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From the caudal pharynx, a subset of these cells migrates into the cardiac outflow tract where they are needed for outflow septation. Many signaling factors are known to be involved in specifying and triggering the migration of neural crest cells. These factors have not been specifically studied in cardiac crest but are assumed to be the same as for the other regions of crest. Signaling factors like Ephs and semaphorins guide the cells into the caudal pharynx. Support of the cells in the pharynx is from endothelin, platelet\u2010derived growth factor (PDGF), and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u03b2)\/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. Mutants in the TGF\u03b2\/BMP pathway show abnormal migration or survival in the pharynx, whereas the migration of the neural crest cells into the outflow tract is orchestrated by semaphorin\/plexin signaling. Although TGF\u03b2 family members have been well studied and show defective neural crest function in outflow septation, their mechanism of action remains unclear. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Developmental Biology &gt; Lineages<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,29]],"date-time":"2009-04-29T19:49:09Z","timestamp":1241034549000},"page":"220-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Signals controlling neural crest contributions to the heart"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Scholl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret 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