{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:49:55Z","timestamp":1790725795646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,21]],"date-time":"2006-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Yeast"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Candida albicans CDR1<\/jats:italic> gene, encoding an ABC transporter that functions as an efflux pump, is thought to be involved in pathogenic adaptation and uses mammalian hormones and other environmental cues to regulate its activity. Exposure of several clinical isolates of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> to 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> 17\u03b2\u2010oestradiol increased <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> expression and the isolates showed a positive correlation between oestrogen induction of <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> and growth in the presence of oestrogen. A reporter strain carrying the <jats:italic>GFP<\/jats:italic> gene under the control of the <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> promoter was used to analyse the effect of steroid hormones and antifungal drugs on <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> expression by flow cytometry. We found that among the many hormones tested, only oestradiol and progesterone induce <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> expression. <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> induction requires hormone concentrations greater than 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, a threshold reached <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> only by progesterone. Using the GFP\u2010reporter strain, we show <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> induction by female but not male human serum and demonstrate that exposure of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> to physiological concentrations of progesterone measurably increases resistance to fluconazole, miconazole and 5\u2010fluorouracil. Simultaneous exposure of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> to hormones and antifungal drugs provided evidence that both agents induce <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic> expression via different mechanisms with different saturation points. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,21]],"date-time":"2006-08-21T10:49:20Z","timestamp":1156157360000},"page":"795-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Key physiological differences in <i>Candida albicans CDR1<\/i> induction by steroid hormones and antifungal 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