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Because it belongs to the basidiomycetous group of fungus, limited tools and functional elements are available for genetic engineering of\n                    <jats:italic>R. toruloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and related red yeasts. Here we report the functional evaluation of five constitutive promoters from this yeast. We assembled a reporter gene expression cassette, consisting of a promoter, the hygromycin gene\n                    <jats:italic>(HYG)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the nos terminator, and inserted it into the binary vector pZPK. Hygromycin\u2010resistant transformants were obtained when\n                    <jats:italic>R. toruloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells were co\u2010cultured with\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    AGL1 cells harbouring the engineered vector. Genomic integration of the reporter cassette was verified by successful amplification of target DNA fragments. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the transformant had only one copy of the reporter cassette. The strength of these promoters was demonstrated at the phenotypic level on the hygromycin\u2010gradient plate and at the transcriptional level by real\u2010time quantitative PCR. It was found that the strengths of these promoters varied no more than five\u2010fold and followed a decreasing sequence of\n                    <jats:italic>PPGI<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PPGK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PFBA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PTPI<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PGPD<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study established new genetic elements for the construction of superior\n                    <jats:italic>R. toruloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains to produce advanced biofuels and related chemicals. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.3145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T13:15:45Z","timestamp":1449666945000},"page":"99-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Cloning and evaluation of different constitutive promoters in the oleaginous yeast\n                    <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics CAS  Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University  Dalian 116034 People's 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