{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1789054979564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]],"date-time":"2009-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The growth and weight development of Leopard tortoise hatchings (\n                    <jats:italic>Geochelone pardalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) kept at the Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Qatar, was observed for more than four years, and compared to data in literature for free\u2010ranging animals on body weight or carapace measurements. The results document a distinctively faster growth in the captive animals. Indications for the same phenomenon in other tortoise species (Galapagos giant tortoises,\n                    <jats:italic>G. nigra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; Spur\u2010thighed tortoises,\n                    <jats:italic>Testudo graeca<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; Desert tortoises,\n                    <jats:italic>Gopherus agassizi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were found in the literature. The cause of the high growth rate most likely is the constant provision with highly digestible food of low fiber content. Increased growth rates are suspected to have negative consequences such as obesity, high mortality, gastrointestinal illnesses, renal diseases, \u201cpyramiding,\u201d fibrous osteodystrophy or metabolic bone disease. The apparently widespread occurrence of high growth rates in intensively managed tortoises underlines how easily ectothermic animals can be oversupplemented with nutrients. Zoo Biol 29:517\u2013525, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,31]],"date-time":"2009-08-31T16:04:54Z","timestamp":1251734694000},"page":"517-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Body size development of captive and free\u2010ranging Leopard tortoises (\n                    <i>Geochelone pardalis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Ritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrin","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Clauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Growth of the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in slash pine plantations of South Central Alabama","volume":"55","author":"Aresco MJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Herpetol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.8.1501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Descriptions of three new species of land tortoises","volume":"3","author":"Bell T","year":"1827","journal-title":"Zool 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