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In \u201cSet\u2010up,\u201d forage and browse were hand\u2010scattered throughout the yard. \u201cSet\u2010up Enriched\u201d was similar with the addition of either a hay\u2010 and forage\u2010filled feeder or forage\u2010filled boomer ball(s) suspended from a climbing structure. Each treatment was presented on 5 d. Behavior was recorded for 30\u2009min before (baseline) and 30\u2009min after the start of each treatment. All treatments led to more foraging and less inactivity compared with baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>80.05), but Yard\u2010toss was the least effective, likely because resources were clumped and monopolized by dominant animals. In Set\u2010up Enriched, dominant animals had the greatest increase in foraging (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03), partly because they generally monopolized the suspended items, but this allowed others to forage at ground level. This separation of the animals likely explains why Set\u2010Up Enriched led to more foraging than all other treatments (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>80.05). Findings show that for these hierarchical animals, enrichment resources are most effective when distributed widely, including vertically, and that enrichment strategies must take social structure into account. Zoo Biol 31: 235\u2013241, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]],"date-time":"2011-06-08T18:10:18Z","timestamp":1307556618000},"page":"235-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effect of feeding enrichment methods on the behavior of captive Western lowland gorillas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Erin B.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Proudfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia, Vancouver  British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Conklin\u2010Brittain NL Knott CD Wrangham RW.2001.The feeding ecology of apes. 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