{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:14:52Z","timestamp":1790745292695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Research was conducted to examine seasonal seminal traits and to establish short\u2010term and long\u2010term sperm preservation methods in the king penguin (<jats:italic>Aptenodytes patagonicus<\/jats:italic>) for use in genome banking and artificial insemination (AI). Spermic ejaculates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200987) obtained using a cooperative method were collected across multiple (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096, Male 1) and a single (Male 2) breeding season(s). Non\u2010contaminated ejaculates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200969) were 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32\u2009ml at 56.3\u2009\u00b1\u200962.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u2009sperm\/ml with 85.3\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6% total motility (TMot), 52.5\u2009\u00b1\u200912.9% progressive motility (PMot), 86.6\u2009\u00b1\u200924.3\u2009\u00b5m\/sec average path velocity (VAP) and 92.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7% plasma membrane intact. In vitro quality of chilled semen was best maintained over 48\u2009hr at 5\u00b0C than 21\u00b0C, with decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) motility and morphology parameters observed by 24 and 6\u2009hr, respectively. A comparison of two freezing methods (straw [STR] vs. directional [DF]) demonstrated similar effects on post\u2010thaw quality at 0 and 3\u2009hr, with the exception of plasma membrane integrity which was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at 0\u2009hr for DF (48.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5%) than STR (41.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0%). At 0\u2009hr post\u2010thaw, DF samples retained 46%, 69%, and 52% of their initial PMot, VAP, and plasma membrane integrity, respectively. Normal morphology of motile cells was reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) during freeze\u2013thawing from 84% post\u2010collection to 37% and 34% at 0 and 3\u2009hr post\u2010thaw, respectively. Results indicate that chilled and cryopreserved semen from the king penguin has potential for use in AI. Zoo Biol. 33:99\u2013109, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1389085255000},"page":"99-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Semen characterization, seasonality of production, and in vitro sperm quality after chilled storage and cryopreservation in the king penguin (<i>Aptenodytes patagonicus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Justine K.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd R.","family":"Robeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00700-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2002044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0600121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Techniques for semen evaluation, semen storage, and fertility determination. 3. 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