{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:40:50Z","timestamp":1787161250765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland","award":["2020\/W\/IZ\/2008-2009, 1018\/S\/IZ\/2010-2011, 1069\/S\/KBEE\/2012-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/W\/IZ\/2008-2009, 1018\/S\/IZ\/2010-2011, 1069\/S\/KBEE\/2012-2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually stimulating behaviors that are not linked to reproduction are rare among non\u2010human (especially non\u2010primate) mammals. Such behaviors may have a function in the hierarchy of social species. In solitary species, such behaviors are more enigmatic, and possibly indicative of something abnormal. Here, we report on a case of two male brown bears, raised in captivity since being orphaned as cubs, which engaged in recurrent fellatio multiple times per day until at least 10 years old. The roles of provider and receiver in the act remained unchanged, and the behavior itself became highly ritualized. The provider always initiated the contact involving vigorous penile sucking that appeared to result in ejaculation. We suggest that the behavior began as a result of early deprivation of maternal suckling, and persisted through life, possibly because it remained satisfying for both individuals. This constitutes the first descriptive report of fellatio in bears, and suggests that some bears may suffer lifelong behavioral consequences from being orphaned at an early age. Zoo Biol. 33:349\u2013352, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T09:29:15Z","timestamp":1401874155000},"page":"349-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fellatio in captive brown bears: Evidence of long\u2010term effects of suckling deprivation?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sergiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Conservation Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ma\u015blak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zedrosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Faculty of Art and Sciences Telemark University College B\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Pa\u015bko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Garshelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Grand Rapids Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slaven","family":"Relji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djuro","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Biological exuberance: animal homosexuality and natural diversity","author":"Bagemihl B","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.46867\/ijcp.2013.26.01.04","article-title":"Approaches to understanding and managing pacing in sloth bears in a zoological setting","volume":"26","author":"Bauer E","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Comp Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Notes on the behavioral development of two female black bear cubs: the first eight months","volume":"2","author":"Burghardt GM","year":"1972","journal-title":"Int Conf Bear Res Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-003-0638-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2192\/URSUS-D-10-00033.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0395-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00216-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"304","volume-title":"Among the bears. Raising orphaned cubs in the wild","author":"Kilham B","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600000476","article-title":"Compromised health and welfare of bears farmed for bile in China","volume":"18","author":"Loeffler IK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Observations on the breeding of captive black bears, Ursus americanus","volume":"3","author":"Ludlow JC","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int Conf Bear Res Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"The veterinary, behavioural and welfare implications of bear farming in Asia","author":"Maas B","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139168342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03194236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"The dancing bears of India","author":"Seshamani G","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"382","volume-title":"Homosexual behaviour in animals\/an evolutionary perspective","author":"Sommer V","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.2011.00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/355","article-title":"Observation of piglet\u2010directed behaviour: patterns and skin lesions in eleven swine herds","volume":"11","author":"Widowski TM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1327"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fzoo.21137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T02:49:26Z","timestamp":1746240566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]}}}