{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:53:09Z","timestamp":1785577989376,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lomaen Medical"},{"name":"AfriCat"},{"name":"South African National Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T20:57:32Z","timestamp":1461099452000},"page":"260-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasonographic adrenal gland findings in healthy semi-captive cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx jubatus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kirberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Companion; Animal Clinical Studies; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian S.W.","family":"Tordiffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Paraclinical Studies; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort South Africa"},{"name":"National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0001|zoo21285-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.09.1180","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs","volume":"207","author":"Barthez","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0002|zoo21285-cit-0002","first-page":"47","volume-title":"BSAVA manual of canine and feline ultrasonography","author":"Begnini","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0003|zoo21285-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-1-14","article-title":"Glomerulosclerosis in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"36","author":"Bolton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0004|zoo21285-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587801500414","article-title":"Multiple splenic myelolipomas in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"15","author":"Cardy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0005|zoo21285-cit-0005","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Cheetahs of the Serengeti plains: group living in an asocial species","author":"Caro","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0006|zoo21285-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00157.x","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the liver, spleen, and urinary tract of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"47","author":"Carstens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0007|zoo21285-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0479","article-title":"Ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements in clinically normal small breed dogs and comparison with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"73","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0008|zoo21285-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v71i4.727","article-title":"Gastric Ollulanus tricuspis infection identified in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with chronic vomiting","volume":"71","author":"Collett","year":"2000","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0009|zoo21285-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.v83i5.16637","article-title":"Effect of propofol anesthesia on ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands of healthy cats","volume":"83","author":"Combes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0010|zoo21285-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.10.1181","article-title":"Clinical findings in dogs with incidental adrenal gland lesions determined by ultrasonography: 151 cases (2007-2010)","volume":"244","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0011|zoo21285-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.08.010","article-title":"How does diet affect fecal steroid hormone metabolite concentrations? An experimental examination in red squirrels","volume":"174","author":"Dantzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0012|zoo21285-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2012.01165.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements in healthy Yorkshire Terriers and Labrador Retrievers","volume":"42","author":"de Chalus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0013|zoo21285-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00827.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements in dogs without evidence of adrenal disease","volume":"38","author":"Douglass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0014|zoo21285-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00133-3","article-title":"Age-related changes of the adrenal secretory pattern: possible role in pathological brain aging","volume":"37","author":"Ferrari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0015|zoo21285-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500107","article-title":"Veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah","volume":"25","author":"Gosselin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0016|zoo21285-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430080404","article-title":"Nutritional considerations in the pathogenesis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in captive cheetahs","volume":"8","author":"Gosselin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0017|zoo21285-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.07.010","article-title":"Influence of aging on adrenal responsiveness in a population of eleven healthy beagles","volume":"82","author":"Goy-Thollot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0018|zoo21285-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12341","article-title":"Single-incision laparoscopic sterilization of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"44","author":"Hartman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0019|zoo21285-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-3-193","article-title":"Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors","volume":"35","author":"Hoerauf","year":"1999a","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0020|zoo21285-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-3-214","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in six dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"35","author":"Hoerauf","year":"1999b","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0021|zoo21285-cit-0021","first-page":"323","article-title":"Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver in cheetahs and snow leopards","volume":"123","author":"Ingh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch fur Tierheilk"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0022|zoo21285-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0135847","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135847","article-title":"Motile sperm output by male cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) managed ex situ is influenced by public exposure and number of care-givers","volume":"10","author":"Koester","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0023|zoo21285-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00531.x","article-title":"Changes in ultrasonographic appearance of adrenal glands in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated with trilostane","volume":"44","author":"Mantis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0024|zoo21285-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.3.690","article-title":"Multicentric Tcell lymphoma associated with feline leukemia virus infection in a captive Namibian cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"39","author":"Marker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0025|zoo21285-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5326\/0400109","article-title":"Comparison of various methods for estimating body fat in dogs","volume":"40","author":"Mawby","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0026|zoo21285-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4950","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in healthy dogs: repeatability, reproducibility, observer-dependent variability, and the effect of bodyweight, age and sex","volume":"168","author":"Mogicato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0027|zoo21285-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.10.010","article-title":"Effect of age and sex on plasma cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in the dog (Canis familiaris)","volume":"96","author":"Mongillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0028|zoo21285-cit-0028","unstructured":"Munson L Worley MB 1987"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0029|zoo21285-cit-0029","first-page":"342","article-title":"Diseases of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in South Africa: a 20-year retrospective survey","volume":"30","author":"Munson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0030|zoo21285-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.3.542","article-title":"Extrinsic factors significantly affect patterns of disease in free-ranging and captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) populations","volume":"41","author":"Munson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0031|zoo21285-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400602","article-title":"Systemic amyloidosis in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"34","author":"Papendick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0032|zoo21285-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4507","article-title":"Aging alters zonation in the adrenal cortex of men","volume":"82","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0033|zoo21285-cit-0033","first-page":"479","article-title":"Systemic candidiasis in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"29","author":"Perle","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0034|zoo21285-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01823.x","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the normal canine adrenal gland","volume":"52","author":"Pey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0035|zoo21285-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01884.x","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoid administration on adrenal gland size and sonographic appearance in beagle dogs","volume":"53","author":"Pey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0036|zoo21285-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0983","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency and colonic inflammation after a novel chronic psycho-social stress paradigm in mice: implications and mechanisms","volume":"148","author":"Reber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0037|zoo21285-cit-0037","unstructured":"Reppert A Treiber K Ward A 2011 Acinonyx jubatus"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0038|zoo21285-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01877.x","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging in canine pheochromocytoma","volume":"41","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0039|zoo21285-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.08.011","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and laparoscopic evaluation of the reproductive tract in older captive female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"84","author":"Schulman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0040|zoo21285-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91006-7","article-title":"Dietary estrogens-a probable cause of infertility and probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs","volume":"93","author":"Setchell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0041|zoo21285-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12236","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size compared to body weight in normal dogs","volume":"56","author":"Soulsby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0042|zoo21285-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01597.x","article-title":"A review of sonographic identification of abdominal blood vessels and juxtavascular organs","volume":"38","author":"Spaulding","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0043|zoo21285-cit-0043","first-page":"71","article-title":"Analysis of ovarian and adrenal activity in Namibian cheetahs","volume":"33","author":"Terio","year":"2003","journal-title":"S Afr J Wildl Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0044|zoo21285-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-40.2.259","article-title":"Evidence for chronic stress in captive but not free-ranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) based on adrenal morphology and function","volume":"40","author":"Terio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0045|zoo21285-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-2-232","article-title":"Adrenal myelolipoma in a dog","volume":"42","author":"Tursi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0046|zoo21285-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.02.003","article-title":"Gender differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity","volume":"3","author":"Uhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0047|zoo21285-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E965","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00070.2006","article-title":"Chronic stress induces adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in a subregion-specific manner","volume":"291","author":"Ulrich-Lai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0048|zoo21285-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2010.00142.x","article-title":"Reproductive history and absence of predators are important determinants of reproductive fitness: the cheetah controversy revisited","volume":"4","author":"Wachter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conserv Lett"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0049|zoo21285-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01232.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic identification and characterization of splenic nodular lipomatosis or myelolipomas in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"37","author":"Walzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0050|zoo21285-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1560\/IJEE.53.3.439","article-title":"Applying fecal endocrine monitoring to conservation and behavior studies of wild mammals: important considerations and preliminary tests","volume":"53","author":"Wielebnowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Isr J Ecol Evol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0051|zoo21285-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10005","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard population","volume":"21","author":"Wielebnowski","year":"2002a","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0052|zoo21285-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943002004043","article-title":"Impact of social management on reproductive, adrenal, and behavioural activity in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"5","author":"Wielebnowski","year":"2002b","journal-title":"Anim Conserv"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0053|zoo21285-cit-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(98)00046-1","article-title":"Aging and the adrenal cortex","volume":"33","author":"Yen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1002\/zoo.21285-BIB0054|zoo21285-cit-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03185.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination of the adrenal gland and evaluation of the hypophyseal-adrenal axis in 20 cats","volume":"41","author":"Zimmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fzoo.21285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21285\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T21:20:41Z","timestamp":1718486441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/zoo.21285"}},"subtitle":["Cheetah Adrenal Gland Ultrasonography"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21285","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]}}}