{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:01:08Z","timestamp":1763640068810,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Advanced reproductive technologies (ART's) are often employed with various taxa to enhance captive breeding programs and maintain genetic diversity. Perivitelline membrane\u2010bound (PVM\u2010bound) sperm detection has previously been demonstrated in avian and chelonian species as a useful technique for breeding management. In the absence of embryotic development within an egg, this technique can detect the presence of sperm trapped on the oocyte membrane confirming breeding, male reproductive status, and pair compatibility. PVM\u2010bound sperm were successfully detected in three clutches of Cuban crocodile (<jats:italic>Crocodylus rhombifer<\/jats:italic>) eggs at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park (NZP) for the first time in any crocodilian species. PVM\u2010bound sperm were detected in fresh and incubated <jats:italic>C. rhombifer<\/jats:italic> eggs, as well as eggs that were developing (banded) and those that were not (not banded). The results of this study showed significant differences in average sperm densities per egg between clutches (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Additionally, there was not a significant difference within clutches between eggs that banded and those that did not band (Clutch A, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.505; Clutch B, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.665; Clutch C, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.266). The results of this study demonstrate the necessity to microscopically examine eggs that do not develop (do not band), to determine if sperm is present, which can help animal managers problem solve reproductive shortcomings. PVM\u2010bound sperm detection could be a useful technique in assessing crocodilian breeding programs, as well as have potential uses in studies assessing sperm storage, artificial insemination, and artificial incubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T03:02:20Z","timestamp":1494558140000},"page":"213-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Crocodilian perivitelline membrane\u2010bound sperm detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4025-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Augustine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University Fairfax Virginia"},{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoological Park Washington Washington DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Social behavior in captive Cuban crocodiles (Crocodylus rhombifer) at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park","volume":"48","author":"Augustine L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Herpetological Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod17.3.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2008.00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511585739.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.6.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO13035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080872"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS20010025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cou060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chelonian perivitelline membrane\u2010bound sperm detection: A new breeding management tool","volume":"9999","author":"Croyle K. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zoo Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1444001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90009-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first annual alligator production conference","author":"Ferguson M. W. J.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1982.tb00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"Ferguson M. W. J.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Wildlife management: Crocodiles and alligators","author":"Ferguson M. W. J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/17.1.225"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Social signals of adult American alligators","volume":"160","author":"Garrick L. D.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511585739.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Ultrastractural changes in the avian vitelline membrane during embryonic development","volume":"21","author":"Jensen C.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Wildlife management: Crocodiles and alligators","author":"Lang J. W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853901753287163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1977.tb01346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Patterns of body temperature in wild freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni: Thermoregulation versus thermoconformity, seasonal acclimatization, and the effect of social interactions","volume":"3","author":"Seebacher F.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1564822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"648","volume-title":"Crocodilians. Their natural history and captive husbandry","author":"Trutnau L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Observations on reproduction in the West African dwarf crocodile with a description of parental behavior","volume":"1","author":"Tryon B. W.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"Vliet K. A.(1987). A quantitative analysis of the courtship behavior of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) (Doctoral dissertation).University of Florida Gainesville Florida. p. 210."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/29.3.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Crocodilian biology and evolution","author":"Vliet K. A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Wildlife management: Crocodile and alligators","author":"Webb G. J. W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9830563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9830571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1446070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0800493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(97)00042-0"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fzoo.21367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T19:51:44Z","timestamp":1696362704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0733-3188"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-2361"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}}}