{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T05:53:47Z","timestamp":1777269227221,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproductive management of the southern tamandua (<jats:italic>Tamandua tetradactyla<\/jats:italic>) should include timed introductions for breeding to minimize aggression and pregnancy monitoring. Since serial blood sampling could cause unnecessary stress, and urinary progesterone metabolites are found in very low concentrations, this study sought to validate progesterone and estradiol enzyme immunoassays for measuring fecal progesterone metabolite (FPM) and fecal estrogen metabolite (FEM) concentrations in two females. Peaks in FEM concentrations coincided with breeding and conception, were 5\u20136 times higher than baseline concentrations, and were followed by clear luteal phases distinguished by FPM concentrations 5\u20136 times higher than baseline concentrations. FPM concentrations during the first 30\u201353 days of gestation overlapped with luteal phase concentrations, thereafter increasing to 8\u201325 times higher than baseline concentrations. FEM concentrations during the first 41\u201344 days of gestation remained near basal values for one female, whereas concentrations were 1.8 times higher than baseline for the second. FEM concentrations became elevated for the former by 44 days of gestation and increased further for the latter after 53 days, ultimately averaging four times higher than baseline for both females. The biphasic increase in FPM and FEM concentrations, follicular and luteal phase durations (follicular: 7\u2009\u00b1\u20091 days, luteal: 25\u2009\u00b1\u20091 days), total cycle length (41\u2009\u00b1\u20091 days), and gestation (161\u2013165 days) documented in this study were consistent with previous reports from serum and urine analyses. Monitoring FPM and FEM is a reliable noninvasive method for tracking reproductive cycles and pregnancy in southern tamandua that overcomes the challenges associated with serum or urinary hormone analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T05:34:03Z","timestamp":1586496843000},"page":"239-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fecal progesterone and estrogen metabolite monitoring for cyclicity and pregnancy in southern tamandua (<i>Tamandua tetradactyla<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Daly\u2010Crews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South\u2010East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction and Conservation Yulee Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Harrison","family":"Edell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dallas Zoo Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6567-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara C.","family":"Metrione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South\u2010East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction and Conservation Yulee Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas95-029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"AZA regional studbook southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)","author":"Edell R. 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A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/875.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(98)00504-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.032292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Miranda F. Fallabrino A. Arteaga M. Tirira D. G. Meritt D. A. &Superina M.(2014).Tamandua tetradactyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e.T21350A47442916. 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