{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:36:25Z","timestamp":1788820585833,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality data for Magellanic penguins (<jats:italic>Spheniscus magellanicus<\/jats:italic>) housed in zoos and aquariums in the United States has not previously been published. Necropsy and histopathology records were examined for Magellanic penguins housed at 12 Association of Zoos and Aquariums institutions from 2008 through 2018. If birds lived through the first year, the mean longevity was found to be 18.9 years of age (standard deviation: 7.9). Prefledge chicks and geriatric penguins experienced the highest mortality rates. Aspergillosis was a major cause of death in this species. There was no significant difference in mortality between males and females. Based on these data, recommendations for the husbandry and veterinary care of captive Magellanic penguins can be made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T18:03:37Z","timestamp":1596218617000},"page":"405-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A retrospective analysis of mortality in captive Magellanic penguins (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus<\/i>) in the United States, 2008\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana","family":"Krol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Zoological Society  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society  Bronx New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian G.","family":"Mutlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Zoological Society  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Center, University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Dominick","family":"Dorsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Zoological Society  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Penguin (Spheniscidae) care manual","author":"AZA Penguin Taxon Advisory Group","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BirdLife International. (2018).Spheniscus magellanicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697822A132605485.en","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697822A132605485.en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Adult sex ratios in wild bird populations","volume":"149","author":"Donald P. F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Avian Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) AZA species survival plan green program","author":"Gonzalez N.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1149145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2006.15.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Aspergillosis in avian species: A review","volume":"39","author":"Leishangthem G. D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0119.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Zoo and wild animal medicine","author":"Wallace R. S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/00306520509485468"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822007000300018"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/zoo.21561","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T11:04:18Z","timestamp":1693825458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21561","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}