{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:25:10Z","timestamp":1790709910473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, all captive breeding of the dusky gopher frog, <jats:italic>Lithobates sevosus<\/jats:italic>, a federally listed endangered species, has been accomplished using in vitro fertilization (IVF). Here, we describe multievent and highly fecund captive reproduction of dusky gopher frogs driven solely by natural environmental factors. Six pairs of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>sevosus<\/jats:italic> were kept in a 3.7\u2009\u00d7\u20094.4\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> outdoor enclosure designed to resemble their natural breeding habitat, which included a pool and three artificial burrows. Modifications to the enclosure that simulated temperatures and conditions within their natural range during winter were added in October and removed in late February. Following a warm, rainy period, five egg masses were laid between March 5 and 11, 2020. The number of oocytes per egg mass was 2300\u2009\u00b1\u2009409 (range\u2009=\u20091341\u20133565), with the total across all five egg masses being 11,501. Of these oocytes, the hatching rate was 68.58\u2009\u00b1\u200910.05% (range\u2009=\u200937.53%\u201395.59%), with a total of 7887 successful hatchlings overall. Clutch sizes were similar to those in the wild and greater than those typically produced using IVF; thus, natural breeding can substantially increase the number of frogs available for reintroduction programs. Although assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF will continue to be useful for ensuring the success of strategic genetic pairings of captive <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>sevosus<\/jats:italic>, the new tool of nonassisted reproduction in specifically designed outdoor enclosures is an important advancement for the conservation and recovery of this endangered species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T09:48:27Z","timestamp":1642412907000},"page":"354-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["First natural breeding of the endangered dusky gopher frog (<i>Lithobates sevosus<\/i>) in captivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Reichling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Research Memphis Zoo Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Cantrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Research Memphis Zoo Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3123-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Roznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Research Memphis Zoo Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0555-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Bogisich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Research Memphis Zoo Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinlan","family":"Poo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Research Memphis Zoo Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2008.01123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(20000401)286:5<487::AID-JEZ6>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Herpnet. (2013).Catalog records for Rana capito.\u00a0Retrieved May 3 2013 from\u00a0http:\/\/www.herpnet2.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031(2003)150[0185:TRBBBT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv24n1Ab116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1565300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Size\u2010fecundity relationships and reproductive investment in females of Physalaemus riograndensis Milstead, 1960 (Anura, Leiuperidae) in Uruguay","volume":"22","author":"Pereira G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Herpetological Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Size\u2013fecundity relationships and reproductive investment in female frogs in the Pantanal, South\u2010Western Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Prado C. P. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Herpetological Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Population analysis & breeding and transfer plan. Dusky gopher frog (Lithobates (Rana) sevosa). AZA Species Survival Plan\u00ae Yellow","author":"Reichling S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Population analysis & breeding and transfer plan. Dusky gopher frog (Rana sevosa). AZA Species Survival Plan\u00ae Yellow","author":"Reichling S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00260-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1566123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1643\/0045-8511(2002)002[0962:AVITPE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acv.12599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"62993","article-title":"Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; final rule to list the Mississippi gopher frog distinct population segment of dusky gopher frog as endangered","volume":"66","author":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)","year":"2001","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2015).Dusky gopher frog (Rana sevosa) recovery plan."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Young J. E.(1997).Taxonomic status of Rana capito and Rana sevosa: Reproduction and movements of Rana sevosa in Mississippi(M.S. thesis). Southeastern Louisiana University."}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21672","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/zoo.21672","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T05:02:29Z","timestamp":1692853349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21672","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}