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After reports of massive blackfly biting of captive nyala antelopes in the Vienna Zoo, Austria, this study aimed to identify the species causing multiple skin lesions on the antelope hosts. The Palearctic species <jats:italic>Simulium equinum<\/jats:italic>, belonging to the medically and veterinary important <jats:italic>Wilhelmia<\/jats:italic> subgenus, was identified as the most likely causative agent. Barcoding and maximum likelihood analysis supported morphological species identification and highlighted the complex phylogeny of the subgenus <jats:italic>Wilhelmia<\/jats:italic>. Our study gives first evidence of the multi\u2010host feeding blackfly <jats:italic>S. equinum<\/jats:italic> in the Vienna Zoo, thereby raising the question whether other hosts could also be bitten on a regular basis. The preliminary results urge for further analysis of blackfly breeding sites as well as the clarification of the host spectrum to assess the medical and veterinary importance of blackflies in the Zoo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T06:29:45Z","timestamp":1657175385000},"page":"150-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Palearctic blackfly <i>Simulium equinum<\/i> (Diptera: Simuliidae) as a biting pest of captive nyala antelopes (<i>Tragelaphus angasii<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Ebmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic Vienna Zoo  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folko","family":"Balfanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Zoo  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Voracek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic Vienna Zoo  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Hering\u2010Hagenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Zoo  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pichler\u2010Scheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"blattfisch e.U. \u2013 Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering  Wels Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Walochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Kniha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Adler P. 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