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These behaviors can be difficult to promote in carnivores, given their foraging strategies and the logistical, ethical, and financial challenges of providing live prey. In this study, we introduced a novel feeding enrichment to Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens\u2019 five adult American alligators (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) in an attempt to simulate a live prey organism within the exhibit and promote natural hunting behaviors like chasing and lunging, as well as increase daily activity levels. The enrichment promoted some behavioral goals for two of the alligators, but it did not promote behavioral goals for the other three alligators. This could have been due to a variety of factors including an existing dominance hierarchy amongst the group's females and the resulting spatial distribution of individuals across a habitat with only one water feature. Our results suggest that female alligators may carve out territories and avoid overlapping space usage with other females during the warmest months of the year. Given the outcomes and limitations of this enrichment strategy, we provide recommendations for this group specifically as well as future enrichment efforts in the general captive crocodilian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T05:54:10Z","timestamp":1667368450000},"page":"383-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social structure and habitat design affect the impact of a novel feeding enrichment for alligators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6899-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Spain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\u00a0of\u00a0Biology University of North Florida Jacksonville Florida USA"},{"name":"Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cayle","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam E.","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\u00a0of\u00a0Biology University of North Florida Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The guide to accreditation of zoological parks and aquariums","author":"Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2019.1672552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<223::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2018.1490182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2014.926802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1893\/0005-3155(2008)79[7:EEUSOF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)00616-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Using student\u2010centered research to evidence\u2010base exhibition of reptiles and amphibians: Three species\u2010specific case studies","volume":"2","author":"Rose P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Ross M. R. Niemann T. Wark J. D. Heintz M. R. Horrigan A. Cronin K. A. Shender M. A. &Gillespie K.(2016). ZooMonitor (Version 3) [Mobile application software].http:\/\/zoomonitor.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"RStudio Team. (2020). RStudio: Integrated development for R. RStudio. PBC.\u00a0http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2018.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26451\/abc.06.03.01.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.f1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/17.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1990.tb00399.x"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/zoo.21744","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:04:08Z","timestamp":1692464648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21744","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}