{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:18:08Z","timestamp":1791281888374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood gas analyses have previously been performed for giraffe under anesthesia and with physical restraint in a chute; however, reference values for giraffe that are trained to participate in venipuncture without chemical or physical restraint have not previously been described. Using a point\u2010of\u2010care blood gas and lactate analyzer and 20 giraffe trained for voluntary phlebotomy, values were determined for venous blood gasses and plasma lactate concentration. Ninety\u2010five percent confidence in the mean values for venous pH (7.34\u20137.46), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 28.5\u201337.8\u2009mmHg), partial pressure of oxygen (PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 56\u2013102\u2009mmHg), bicarbonate (HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>; 18.9\u201321.0\u2009mmol\/L), base excess (BE; \u22126.0 to \u22123.6\u2009mmol\/L), total carbon dioxide (TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 19.9\u201322.0\u2009mmol\/L), and lactate (0.32\u20130.56\u2009mmol\/L) were calculated. This is the first report on venous blood gas analysis values for giraffe without chemical or physical restraint. These data will provide a reference for clinical interpretation of venous blood gas and lactate values in giraffe and demonstrate some of the potential diagnostic benefits to training giraffe and other zoo species for voluntary medical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T06:58:08Z","timestamp":1712127488000},"page":"371-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Venous blood gas and lactate values in adult giraffe trained for voluntary jugular phlebotomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jordan Elias","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Dadone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Colorado Springs Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Bapodra\u2010Villaverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Powell Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Schilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Colorado Springs Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0052.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Zoo and wild animal medicine","author":"Bertelsen M. F.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0276.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Veterinary toxicology","author":"Bischoff K.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90804.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118792919.ch58"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Citino S. B. Bush M. Lance W. Hofmeyr M. &Grobler D.(2006). Use of thiafentanil (A3080) medetomidine and ketamine for anesthesia of captive and free\u2010ranging giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis).Proceedings from American Association of Zoo Veterinarians;Tampa FL USA 19\u201324 September pp.211\u2013213."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00035-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Fluid, electrolyte, and acid\u2010base disorders in small animal practice","author":"DiBartola S. P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"eClinPath. (2024). Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; c2013\u22122020.https:\/\/eclinpath.com\/chemistry\/acid-base\/laboratory-detection\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"619","volume-title":"Zoo and wild animal medicine","author":"Gage L. J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2013.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2009-0218.1"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.21831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T06:39:18Z","timestamp":1723012758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.21831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.21831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.21831","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}