{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:53:25Z","timestamp":1791539605309,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F21AP03479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F21AP03479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Blue catfish (\n                    <jats:italic>Ictalurus furcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) remain a prevalent invasive species in the Chesapeake Bay, with juveniles a common bycatch during commercial fishing operations. Rather than returning them to the water as is the current practice, these smaller\u2010bodied fish can be harvested for niche markets, including as forage fish consumed by piscivorous species in zoos and aquariums. Baseline compositional data are useful for balanced diet formulation, determination of necessary supplementation regimens, and contributions to animal health. The nutritional value of whole juvenile blue catfish (\u2009~\u2009100\u2009mm\u2013300\u2009mm total length) was determined in 9 samples collected during June from 3 separate locations in three different tributary rivers. Composition of fish varied among rivers [water content (ranging from 71% to 78%, as\u2010fed basis), protein (50%\u201369%), crude fat (16%\u201336%), and ash (12%\u201320%, all dry matter basis]. Ranges approximated that of fish species commonly used in managed feeding programs, as did amino acid balance. While polyunsaturated fatty acids comprised only 22%\u201327% of total fatty acids measured, total omega\u20103 to omega\u20106 fatty acid ratios averaged ~1:1. Both macro\u2010 and trace mineral levels were within expected ranges for whole prey, with no indication of elevated heavy metal contaminants. Fish contained fat\u2010soluble vitamin D and E levels averaging 4722 and 26 IU\/kg dry matter, respectively, and unexpected levels of particular water\u2010soluble vitamins such as biotin (193\u2009mg\/kg) and folic acid (648\u2009mg\/kg). Locally sourced juvenile blue catfish from Chesapeake Bay may be an alternative diet ingredient for piscivores and other carnivores, while removal simultaneously benefits local aquatic ecosystems and native species habitats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:30:33Z","timestamp":1784799033000},"page":"643-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Composition of Invasive Blue Catfish (\n                    <i>Ictalurus Furcatus<\/i>\n                    ) as a Diet Alternative for Piscivorous Species in Zoos and Aquariums"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen S.","family":"Dierenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Wildlife Fund Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branson D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Annapolis Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Annapolis Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Laliberte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Environment Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"AOAC. International2023. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods of Analysis 22nd edition."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Comparative Nutrition Society meeting","author":"Corse M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Crissey S. D.1998. Handling Fish Fed to Fish\u2010Eating Animals: A Manual of Standard Operating Procedures. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Beltsville MD.http:\/\/www.nal.usda.gov\/awic\/pubs\/fshhndl.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430100204"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Tilapia Meal Compares to Other Fish Meals in Nutrient Composition","volume":"77","author":"Dudley\u2010Cash W. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Feedstuffs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Virginia Wild\u2010Caught Blue Catfish: Nutrition and Contaminant Analysis. Marine Resource Report No. 2020\u201008 | VSG 2020\u201030. Virginia Institute of Marine Science","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps241161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"National Research Council.2006. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. National Academy Press Washington DC USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"National Research Council.2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. National Academy Press Washington DC USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"NOAA.2024. Accessed December 2 2025.https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/foss."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2024.107099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Ecological Role of Blue Catfish in Chesapeake Bay Communities and Implications for Management","volume":"77","author":"Schloesser R. W.","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Fisheries Society Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-018-0783-6"}],"container-title":["Zoo Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.70088","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/zoo.70088","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/zoo.70088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:34:42Z","timestamp":1791538482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/zoo.70088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/zoo.70088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoo.70088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-3188","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}