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However, the geological record at many islands in the NE Atlantic\u2014all located within the slow\u2010moving Nubian plate\u2014does not exhibit evidence for an emergent surtseyan phase but rather an erosive unconformity between the submarine basement and the overlying subaerial shield sequences. This suggests that the transition between seamount and island may frequently occur by a relative fall of sea level through uplift, eustatic changes, or a combination of both, and may not involve summit volcanism. In this study, we explore the consequences for island evolutionary models using Madeira Island (Portugal) as a case study. We have examined the geologic record at Madeira using a combination of detailed fieldwork, biostratigraphy, and \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ggge20671-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge20671:ggge20671-math-0001\"\/> geochronology in order to document the mode, timing, and duration of edifice emergence above sea level. Our study confirms that Madeira's subaerial shield volcano was built upon the eroded remains of an uplifted seamount, with shallow marine sediments found between the two eruptive sequences and presently located at 320\u2013430 m above sea level. This study reveals that Madeira emerged around 7.0\u20135.6 Ma essentially through an uplift process and before volcanic activity resumed to form the subaerial shield volcano. Basal intrusions are a likely uplift mechanism, and their emplacement is possibly enhanced by the slow motion of the Nubian plate relative to the source of partial melting. Alternating uplift and subsidence episodes suggest that island edifice growth may be governed by competing dominantly volcanic and dominantly intrusive processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2014gc005657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T08:06:48Z","timestamp":1423037208000},"page":"522-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The emergence of volcanic oceanic islands on a slow\u2010moving plate: The example of <scp>M<\/scp>adeira <scp>I<\/scp>sland, NE <scp>A<\/scp>tlantic"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ricardo S.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol UK"},{"name":"Lamont\u2010Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University Palisades New York USA"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Brum da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo E.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center Denver Colorado USA"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cach\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica Tropical\/Bio Trop\u2014Instituto Superior de Agronomia Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana N.","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Madeira Madeira Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Exactas e da Engenharia Centro de Vulcanologia e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Riscos Geol\u00f3gicos da Universidade dos A\u00e7ores Ponta Delgada Portugal"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Achilles C. 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