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The shell beds, dominated by two genera of the family Vesicomyidae: <jats:italic>Phreagena<\/jats:italic> s.l. and <jats:italic>Isorropodon<\/jats:italic> sp., were 20\u201330 cm thick and centered at 250\u2013400 cm deep in the cores. The carbon isotope composition of inorganic (\u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C from \u221213.02\u2030 to +2.36\u2030) and organic (\u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C from \u221229.28\u2030 to \u221221.33\u2030) shell material and a two\u2010end member mixing model indicate that these taxa derived between 8% and 43% of their nutrition from chemosynthetic bacteria. In addition, negative \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C values for planktonic foraminifera (\u22126.7\u2030 to \u22123.1\u2030), concretions identified as methane\u2010derived authigenic carbonates, and pyrite\u2010encrusted fossil worm tubes at the shell horizons indicate a sustained paleo\u2010methane seep environment. Combining sedimentation rates with <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C ages for bivalve material from the shell horizons, we estimate the horizons persisted for about 1000 years between approximately 17,707 and 16,680 years B.P. (corrected). The seepage event over a 1000 year time interval was most likely associated with regional stress\u2010related faulting and the subsequent release of overpressurized fluids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2015gc005980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T09:01:16Z","timestamp":1446714076000},"page":"4108-4129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Bivalve shell horizons in seafloor pockmarks of the last glacial\u2010interglacial transition: a thousand years of methane emissions in the <scp>A<\/scp>rctic <scp>O<\/scp>cean"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"16","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William G.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biology Bates College Lewiston Maine USA"},{"name":"Now at Division of Polar Programs National Science Foundation Arlington Virginia USA"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Panieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Plaza\u2010Faverola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Akvaplan\u2010niva, FRAM \u2010 High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Emmelie K. 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