{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:49:45Z","timestamp":1775854185989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish BECC"},{"name":"MERGE"},{"name":"VR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JGR Atmospheres"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the inconsistencies of wind gust trends under the widespread decline in near\u2010surface wind speed (stilling), our study aimed to assess trends of observed daily peak wind gusts (DPWG) across Spain and Portugal for 1961\u20132014 by analyzing trends of (i) the frequency (90th percentile) and (ii) the magnitude (wind speed maxima) of DPWG. Wind gust series were homogenized on a daily basis, using MM5\u2010simulated series as reference, resulting in 80 suitable station\u2010based data sets. The average DPWG 90th percentile frequency declined by \u22121.49\u2009d\u2009decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) annually. This showed marked seasonal differences: decreasing in winter (\u22120.75\u2009d\u2009decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and increasing in summer (+0.18\u2009d\u2009decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.10). A negligible trend was calculated for the annual magnitude of DPWG (\u22120.005\u2009m\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.10), with distinct seasonality: declining in winter (\u22120.168\u2009m\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.10) and increasing in summer (+0.130\u2009m\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>decade<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Combined, these results reveal less frequent and declining DPWG during the cold semester (November\u2013April) and more frequent and increasing DPWG during the warm semester (May\u2013October). Large\u2010scale atmospheric changes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (negative correlations ~\u22120.4\u2013\u22120.6;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the Jenkinson and Collison scheme (positive correlations mainly with Westerly regime: ~+0.5\u20130.6;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) partly account for the decadal fluctuations of both frequency and magnitude of DPWG, particularly in winter. However, the North Atlantic Oscillation index\u2010DPWG relationships are smaller in spring, summer, and autumn (~\u22120.1\u2013\u22120.2;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.10), especially for the frequency, suggesting the role of local\u2010to\u2010mesoscale drivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2015jd024485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T03:00:50Z","timestamp":1451876450000},"page":"1059-1078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Trends of daily peak wind gusts in Spain and Portugal, 1961\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Cesar","family":"Azorin\u2010Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IPE\u2010CSIC) Zaragoza Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose\u2010A.","family":"Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) Delegation of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain"}]},{"given":"Tim R.","family":"McVicar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Land and Water Canberra ACT Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science Sydney New South Wales Australia"}]},{"given":"Sergio M.","family":"Vicente\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IPE\u2010CSIC) Zaragoza Spain"}]},{"given":"Deliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jerez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Murcia Murcia Spain"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Esp\u00edrito\u2010Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Aguilar E. 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