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Many of these turnover processes act on long timescales and include a lateral dimension and thus can hardly be investigated by plot\u2010level studies alone. Making use of remote sensing\u2010based products of net primary production (NPP) and biomass, here we show that spatial gradients of carbon turnover rate (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>) in Northern Hemisphere boreal and temperate forests are explained by different climate\u2010related processes depending on the ecosystem. <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> is related to frost damage effects and the trade\u2010off between growth and frost adaptation in boreal forests, while drought stress and climate effects on insects and pathogens can explain an elevated <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> in temperate forests. By identifying relevant processes underlying broadscale patterns in <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>, we provide the basis for a detailed exploration of these mechanisms in field studies, and ultimately the improvement of their representations in global vegetation models (GVMs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2016gl068794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T02:17:54Z","timestamp":1461377874000},"page":"4576-4585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Large\u2010scale variation in boreal and temperate forest carbon turnover rate related to climate"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Thurner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Carvalhais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"CENSE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade NOVA de Lisboa  Caparica Portugal"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Forkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Now at Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Research Group Remote Sensing Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Remote Sensing  G\u00fcmligen Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Tum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD)  Wessling Germany"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schmullius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Observation Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University  Jena Germany"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2002.00451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2004.00824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/forest:2006042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505734102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00914.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.1999.00009.x","article-title":"Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Overview and key results","volume":"5","author":"Cramer W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glob. 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