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Several researchers have reported the presence of seismic anisotropy in the lowermost 150\u2013250\u00a0km of the mantle (i.e., D\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jgrb52636-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:jgrb:media:jgrb52636:jgrb52636-math-0002\"\/> layer), based on differences in the arrival times of vertically (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>) and horizontally (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>) polarized shear waves. By computing waveforms at a period &gt; 6\u00a0s for a wide range of 1\u2010D and 3\u2010D Earth structures, we illustrate that a time shift (i.e., apparent splitting) between <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic> may appear in purely isotropic simulations. This may be misinterpreted as shear wave anisotropy. For near\u2010surface earthquakes, apparent shear wave splitting can result from the interference of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> with the surface reflection <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. For deep earthquakes, apparent splitting can be due to the <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> wave triplication in D\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jgrb52636-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:jgrb:media:jgrb52636:jgrb52636-math-0003\"\/>, reflections off discontinuities in the upper mantle, and 3\u2010D heterogeneity. The wave effects due to anomalous isotropic structure may not be easily distinguished from purely anisotropic effects if the analysis does not involve full waveform simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2017jb014394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T02:41:08Z","timestamp":1521859268000},"page":"3909-3922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Apparent Splitting of <i>S<\/i> Waves Propagating Through an Isotropic Lowermost Mantle"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Parisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PSE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}]},{"given":"Ana M. 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