{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:43:54Z","timestamp":1725497034237},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780471383932"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780470050118"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]],"date-time":"2008-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic and distributed environments are hard to model since they suffer from unexpected changes, incomplete knowledge, and conflicting perspectives and, thus, call for appropriate knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) systems. Such KRR systems must handle sets of dynamic beliefs, be sensitive to communicated and perceived changes in the environment and, consequently, may have to drop current beliefs in face of new findings or disregard any new data that conflicts with stronger convictions held by the system. Not only do they need to represent and reason with beliefs, but also they must perform belief revision to maintain the overall consistency of the knowledge base. One way of developing such systems is to use reason maintenance systems (RMS).<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this paper we provide an overview of the most representative types of RMS, which are also known as truth maintenance systems (TMS), which are computational instances of the foundations\u2010based theory of belief revision. An RMS module works together with a problem solver. The latter feeds the RMS with assumptions (core beliefs) and conclusions (derived beliefs), which are accompanied by their respective foundations. The role of the RMS module is to store the beliefs, associate with each belief (core or derived belief) the corresponding set of supporting foundations and maintain the consistency of the overall reasoning by keeping, for each represented belief, the current supporting justifications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Two major approaches are used to reason maintenance: single\u2010and multiple\u2010context reasoning systems. Although in the single\u2010context systems, each belief is associated to the beliefs that directly generated it\u2014the justification\u2010based TMS (JTMS) or the logic\u2010based TMS (LTMS), in the multiple context counterparts, each belief is associated with the minimal set of assumptions from which it can be inferred\u2014the assumption\u2010based TMS (ATMS) or the multiple belief reasoner (MBR).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse440","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]],"date-time":"2008-09-11T18:16:28Z","timestamp":1221156988000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reason Maintenance Systems: Tools for Foundations\u2010Based Belief Revision"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Benedita","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"F. L.JohnsonandS. C.Shapiro Dependency\u2010directed reconsideration belief base optimization for truth maintenance systems Proc. of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI\u201005) Menlo Park CA pp.313\u2013326 2005."},{"volume-title":"Readings in Uncertain Reasoning","year":"1990","author":"Shafer G.","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526664.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0013580"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Pearl Probabalistic Reasoning in Intelligent systems: Networks of Plausible Inference Morgan Kaufmann 1988.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051489-5.50008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2274239"},{"volume-title":"Change in View: Principles of Reasoning","year":"1986","author":"Harman G.","key":"e_1_2_5_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(79)90008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"C. L.Mason ROO: A distributed toolkit for belief based reasoning agents Proc. of Second International Working Conference on Cooperative Knowledge Based Systems 1994.University of Keele UK 1994."},{"volume-title":"An outlook on truth maintenance, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","year":"1980","author":"McAllester D.","key":"e_1_2_5_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","unstructured":"D.McAllester Truth maintenance Proc. of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence Menlo Park CA 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"J. Doyle The ins and outs of reason maintenance Proc. of Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Karlsruhe West Germany pp.349\u2013351 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3540608052_78"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/64.363270"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90080-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"S.ShapiroandM.Wand The relevance of relevance Technical Report N.46 Computer Science Department Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526664.002"}],"container-title":["Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T18:48:30Z","timestamp":1709232510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"ISBN":["9780471383932","9780470050118"],"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse440","10.1002\/9780470050118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse440","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]}}}