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Moreover, it was recently found that a single protein (adenovirus E1a) coordinately represses non\u2010epithelial genes while inducing epithelial genes. A simple model is offered to explain how epithelial gene expression is coordinated. Under this model, the epithelial cell gene expression program is a transcriptional \u2018default\u2019; that is, it occurs in the absence of tissue\u2010specific transactivation. Conversion to this default requires only that mesenchymal transactivators are not expressed, or that central \u2018integrator\u2019 proteins are inactive. In their absence, mesenchymal gene expression cannot occur. Moreover, because the repressors cease to be expressed, the epithelial genes are induced. Oncogenes generally cause the breakdown of the epithelial phenotype \u2010 generating carcinomas \u2010 so genes such as E1a that cause epithelial conversion may prove useful for both understanding and controlling cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950190811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1109328557000},"page":"705-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The epithelial cell default\u2010phenotype hypothesis and its implications for cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Frisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406023302207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.123.5.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01833258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.124.4.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.20.120186.002045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90250-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0796-776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(05)80005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(92)90067-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleming T. 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