{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:36:19Z","timestamp":1772836579181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11384,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biopolymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of breakage of duplex DNA molecules by laminar flow through a capillary has been studied. For \u03bb<jats:italic>b2b5c<\/jats:italic> DNA (molecular wt., <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> = 25 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>) the point at which breakage occurs is normally distributed around the center of the molecule with a standard deviation of 12.5% of the molecular length. At constant shear stress or shear rate, the breakage rate is independent of ionic strength. Thus, shear induced local denaturation is not a rate limiting, preliminary step in breakage. In experiments at constant temperature with varying solvent viscosity (controlled by added sucrose) the breakage rate is a function of shear rate, not of shear stress. The rate of opening of hydrogenbonded circles into linear molecules by hydrodynamic shear is also shown to be a function of shear rate and not of shear stress. The breakage rate at constant shear rate is not greatly dependent on temperature. The shear rate required to achieve breakage is inversely proportional to <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>. The breakage rate constant, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> varies as a very high power of the shear rate; at 25\u00b0C, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> In <jats:italic>k\/d<\/jats:italic> In <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic> \u223c 15; at 10\u00b0C, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> In <jats:italic>k\/d<\/jats:italic> In <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic> \u223c 26, where <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic> is the maximum shear rate at the capillary wall. The unexpected result that breakage rate is mainly dependent on shear rate, not shear stress, supports a model in which the DNA molecule is distorted with a driving force which depends on the hydrodynamic shear stress, \u03b7<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>, but the rate limiting step is segment diffusion into a highly extended configuration. The characteristic time to achieve this configuration is proportional to solvent viscosity, \u03b7, hence the breakage rate is dependent on \u03b7<jats:italic>G\/<\/jats:italic>\u03b7 or <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>, the shear rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1972.360111217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T04:22:25Z","timestamp":1104466945000},"page":"2601-2624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hydrodynamic shear breakage of DNA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ray D.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.45.11.1560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(60)80016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(61)80030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100885a025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(66)80187-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(62)86852-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01528a029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(62)80009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(61)80058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.47.8.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01497a053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.44.5.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1966.150040304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0095-8522(59)90013-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1968.360060504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"Ph.D. Thesis by RayD.Bowman California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 1971(Microfilm copies may be obtained from: University Microfilm Inc. 300 North Veeb Road Ann Arbor Michigan 48105)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(60)90020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1965.360030409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"51","volume":"19","author":"Frenkel J.","year":"1944","journal-title":"Acta Physiochim, VRSS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1122\/1.2116373","volume-title":"A Monograph of Viscometry","author":"Barr G.","year":"1931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(71)21033-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1969.360070306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1968.360060109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1742462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01793684"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1968.360060408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1969.360080308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"196","volume-title":"Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules","author":"Tanford C.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(68)90414-2"}],"container-title":["Biopolymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbip.1972.360111217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bip.1972.360111217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T03:57:54Z","timestamp":1699761474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bip.1972.360111217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bip.1972.360111217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bip.1972.360111217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3525","1097-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3525","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0282","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,12]]}}}