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Several other synthetic polyanions also activated macrophages and exhibited some anti\u2010tumor activity, but none were as effectives as pyran. Cell\u2010wall fractions such as the Ribi vaccine and MER were considerably less effective than BCG. The anti\u2010tumor activity of pyran against the virtually non\u2010immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma involved non\u2010specifically activated macrophages, and both anti\u2010tumor activity and macrophage activating ability persisted over a 100\u2010fold range of drug from 0.5 mg\/kg to 50 mg\/kg. The ability of activated macrophages to destroy tumor cells was abrogated by treatment with trypan blue, an inhibitor of macrophage lysosomal enzymes. In addition, preincubation of tumor cells with activated peritoneal cells at effector\u2010cell:target\u2010cell ratios of 20:1 and 5:1 markedly decreased tumor incidence and mortality. Glycogen\u2010stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal cells were completely inactive in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo or exhibiting cytotoxicity in vitro, demonstrating the requirement for activated macrophages selective for tumor\u2010cell destruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910170112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T16:04:41Z","timestamp":1171901081000},"page":"82-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Macrophage activation and anti\u2010tumor activity of biologic and synthetic agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Page S.","family":"Morahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio232076a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197406202902506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910140211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(74)90172-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.11.5.996-1002.1975","article-title":"Effect of silica on virus infections in mice and mouse tissue culture","volume":"11","author":"DuBuy H.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infec. 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