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However, when rats were given poly I:C <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> after any of these agents, the levels of NK activity were similar to those in normal rats which had been given poly I:C alone. To explain these findings, we have postulated that a population of pre\u2010NK cells, resistant to hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide and X\u2010irradiation was induced by poly I:C to become cytotoxic NK cells. Treatment of rats with silica, in doses that had no effect on proliferative responses of host lymphocytes to Con A <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, sharply diminished NK activity. With this agent, the boosting effect of poly I:C, although still detectable, was diminished. Since there is little if any indication that NK cells are phagocytic, these data suggest that phagocytes may play a role in maintaining high levels of NK activity <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and, further, may be involved in the mechanism by which natural cytotoxicity is boosted by poly I:C. Adult thymectomized rats had easily detectable levels of natural reactivity and the response to poly I:C was unimpaired, indicating a lack of thymic dependence for boosting as well as for spontaneous levels of NK activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910210214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T17:03:41Z","timestamp":1171904621000},"page":"221-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Natural cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity in rats. III. Effects of immunopharmacologic treatments on natural reactivity and on reactivity augmented by polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J. Ronald","family":"Oehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Herberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.124.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.4.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(70)90041-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Calabresi P. andParks Jr. E. R. Alkylating agents antimetabolites hormones and other antiproliferative agents.In: L. S. Goodman and A. Gilman (eds.) 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