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Normal, unstimulated peritoneal mac\u2010rophages exhibited low but significant non\u2010specific cytotoxic activity at attacker to target (A:T) ratios \u2267 20:1, whereas stimulation of tumor\u2010cell proliferative capacity was consistently observed at A:T ratios \u2266 2:1. Macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of tumor\u2010bearing mice, from the primary tumor or from pooled secondaries had baseline cytotoxic or growth\u2010enhancing (depending on the A:T ratio) potential similar to that of control peritoneal macrophages. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> exposure to endotoxin, lymphokine supernatants or partially purified fibroblast interferon augmented the tumoricidal activity of normal and tumor\u2010associated macrophages; tumor\u2010associated macrophages showed no evidence of enhanced responsiveness to these activating stimuli. Tumor cells from the primary neoplasm and its spontaneous metastases were equally susceptible to macrophage tumoricidal activity. It is inferred from <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> data that the relatively low numbers of non\u2010activated macrophages present within poorly immunogenic metastasizing tumors may have no direct effect or actually stimulate tumor\u2010cell proliferative capacity at the primary tumor site; conversely, disseminating tumor cells might encounter sufficient numbers of mononuclear phagocytes in the circulation and in lungs to permit the expression of macrophage cytotoxicity, at least during the early steps of metastasis formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910270215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T18:18:49Z","timestamp":1171909129000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> effects on tumor cells of macrophages isolated from an early\u2010passage chemically\u2010induced murine sarcoma and from its spontaneous metastases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.120.4.1372","article-title":"Purification of human monocytes on microexudate\u2010coated surfaces","volume":"120","author":"Ackermann S. 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