{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:10:08Z","timestamp":1792714208188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6637,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal human breast tissue was enzymatically dissociated and the cells were injected Into the gland\u2010free fat\u2010pads of athymic nude mice. Within 30 days, small, spherical, duct\u2010like epithelial elements (organoids) formed in 68% of the fat\u2010pads inoculated (0\u201023 organoids\/fat\u2010pad). Short\u2010term (30\u2010day) treatment of the host mice with mammotrophic hormones [secretions from a choriunic, somato\u2010mammotrophin\u2010secreting transplantable human choriocarcinoma (JEG\u20103), secretions from a prolactin\u2010 and growth\u2010hormone\u2010secreting transplant\u2010able rat pituitary tumor (GH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), estrogen and\/or progesterone] and\/or cAMP inducers (cholera toxin) significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) increased the size of the human breast organoids but did not increase organoid number or induce extensive and expansive growth (extensive duct elongation and branching) of these structures. Such treatments induced intense proliferation of the host mouse mammae resembling that which occurs during late pregnancy. The results of this study, therefore, provide evidence that normal human breast epithelium can be readily accepted by and maintained in the gland\u2010free fat\u2010pad of the athymic nude mouse, and the epithelium, within 10 days, forms spherical duct\u2010like structures (organoids). The human breast organoids are hormone\u2010responsive, as they respond to a mammotrophic growth stimulus by an increase in size. The failure of the human breast organoids to grow expansively in the gland\u2010free fat\u2010pad of this immunologically deficient mouse does not appear to be due to the absence of an appropriate hormonal growth stimulus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910410513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T21:20:20Z","timestamp":1171920020000},"page":"713-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Transplantation of human breast epithelia to mammary\u2010gland\u2010free fat\u2010pads of athymic nude mice: Influence of mammotrophic hormones on growth of breast epithelia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lewis G.","family":"Sheffield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford W.","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-140-36422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Lactogenic hormones, fetal nutrition, and lactation","author":"Bewley T. A.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(83)90026-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Development of mammary tumors from hyperplastic alveolar nodules transplanted into gland\u2010free mammary fat\u2010pads of C3H mice","volume":"19","author":"DeOme K. B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Design and analysis of experiments in the animal and medical sciences","author":"Gill J. L.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Diseases of the breast","author":"Haagensen C. D.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/292413a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"2605","article-title":"Preneoplastic lesions of the human mammary gland transplanted into the nude athymic mouse","volume":"36","author":"Jensen H. M.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma cells in culture","volume":"153","author":"Kohler P. O.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Endocr. (Suppl.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"546","article-title":"Required presence of both estrogen and pituitary factors for the growth of human breast cancer cells in athymic nude mice","volume":"41","author":"Leung C. K. H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/58.5.1263","article-title":"Cyclic variation of DNA synthesis in human breast epithelium","volume":"58","author":"Masters J. R. W.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"2343","article-title":"Successful transplantation of fuman benign breast tumors into the athymic nude mouse and demonstration of enhanced DNA synthesis by human placental lactogen","volume":"38","author":"McManus M. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"3300","article-title":"Hormone\u2010induced ductal DNA synthesis of human breast tissues maintained in the athymic nude mouse","volume":"41","author":"McManus M. J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841101)54:9<1920::AID-CNCR2820540924>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(77)80066-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/55.6.1461","article-title":"Growth of human normal and neoplas\u2010tic mammary tissues in the cleared fat pad of the nude mouse","volume":"55","author":"Outzen H. C.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(85)81139-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-5-1864"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910360411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80513-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02810076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-82-2-342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041020306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1980.60.4.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(79)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"6147","article-title":"Influence of dietary fat levels on development and hormone responsiveness of the mouse mammary gland","volume":"45","author":"Welsch C. W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1978.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"2939","article-title":"Prophylaxis of spontaneously developing mammary carcinoma in C3H\/HeJ female mice by suppression of prolactin","volume":"33","author":"Welsch C. W.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Normal but not carcinnmatous primary rat mammary epithelium: readily transplanted to and maintained in the athymic nude mouse","volume":"78","author":"Welsch C. W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(79)90268-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(80)90402-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Effects of hormones and growth factors on human mammary epithelial cells in collagen gel culture","volume":"41","author":"Yang J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.2910410513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.2910410513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:44:27Z","timestamp":1695775467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.2910410513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,15]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.2910410513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910410513","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,15]]}}}