{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T10:41:46Z","timestamp":1759228906514},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3970,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Camptothecin, a naturally occurring inhibitor of the DNA\u2010replicating enzyme topoisomerase I, demonstrated promising anti\u2010tumor activity in pre\u2010clinical testing; however, because of unexpected toxicity and low anti\u2010tumor effects in the initial clinical trials, further testing was discontinued. We hypothesized that local controlled delivery of camptothecin sodium would achieve effective concentrations in brain tumors without the observed systemic side effects, thereby allowing this novel drug to be used to treat patients with malignant gliomas. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the sensitivity of rat glioma lines and established human glioma lines to camptothecin in vitro. We found that the LD<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> for the established rat and human lines was 0.3 to 1.4 \u03bcM after a 1 hr exposure and decreased to less than O.1 \u03bcM after continuous exposure for 7 days. We loaded camptothecin into a controlled\u2010release polymer (ethylene\u2010vinyl acetate co\u2010polymer; EVAc) and showed by high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography that controlled release occurred over at least 21 days. We then tested camptothecin against 9L gliosarcoma, implanted into the brain of Fischer 344 rats. Five days after tumor implantation, animals were treated with camptothecin delivered either systemically or locally by release from EVAc. Local controlled delivery by the polymer significantly extended survival: 59% of the treated animals were long\u2010term survivors (&gt; 120 days) compared to 0% of controls. Systemic administration did not extend survival compared to controls. We compared the efficacy of camptothecin delivered locally with a polymer to camptothecin injected directly into the tumor. Camptothecin increased survival only when delivered locally by polymer. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:46:04Z","timestamp":1171932364000},"page":"605-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Local delivery of the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin sodium prolongs survival in the rat intracranial 9L gliosarcoma model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Jon D.","family":"Weingart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reid C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O. 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