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This approach incurs an inevitable loss of power to detect statistically significant activity. An alternative approach, which relies on the assumption that areas of true neural activity will tend to stimulate signal changes over contiguous pixels, is presented. If one knows the probability distribution of such cluster sizes as a function of per pixel false positive probability, one can use cluster\u2010size thresholds independently to reject false positives. Both Monte Carlo simulations and fMRI studies of human subjects have been used to verify that this approach can improve statistical power by as much as fivefold over techniques that rely solely on adjusting per pixel false positive probabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910330508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T18:29:39Z","timestamp":1173119379000},"page":"636-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2717,"title":["Improved Assessment of Significant Activation in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Use of a Cluster\u2010Size Threshold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Forman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Mintun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460010306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"Numerical Recipes in C: the Art of Scientific Computing","author":"Press W. 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