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To increase its applicability to human studies, it is needed to develop sensitive pulse sequences for rapidly acquiring whole\u2010organ images while adhering to stringent amplifier duty cycle limitations and specific absorption rate restrictions. In addition, the interfering effects of direct water saturation and conventional magnetization transfer contrast complicate CEST quantification and need to be reduced as much as possible. It is shown that for protons exchanging with rates of less than 50\u2013100 Hz, such as imaged in amide proton transfer experiments, these problems can be addressed by using a three\u2010dimensional steady state pulsed acquisition of limited <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> strength (\u223c1 \u03bcT). Such an approach exploits the fact that the direct water saturation width, magnetization transfer contrast magnitude, and specific absorption rate increase strongly with <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, while the size of the CEST effect for such protons depends minimally on <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. A short repetition time (65 ms) steady\u2010state sequence consisting of a brief saturation pulse (25 ms) and a segmented echo\u2010planar imaging train allowed acquisition of a three\u2010dimensional whole\u2010brain volume in approximately 11 s per saturation frequency, while remaining well within specific absorption rate and duty cycle limits. Magnetization transfer contrast was strongly reduced, but substantial saturation effects were found at frequencies upfield from water, which still confound the use of magnetization transfer asymmetry analysis. Fortunately, the limited width of the direct water saturation signal could be exploited to fit it with a Lorentzian function allowing CEST quantification. Amide proton transfer effects ranged between 1.5% and 2.5% in selected white and grey matter regions. This power and time\u2010efficient 3D pulsed CEST acquisition scheme should aid endogenous CEST quantification at both high and low fields. Magn Reson Med, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]],"date-time":"2011-11-14T15:40:25Z","timestamp":1321285225000},"page":"1579-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["In vivo three\u2010dimensional whole\u2010brain pulsed steady\u2010state chemical exchange saturation transfer at 7 T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Craig K.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Polders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hans J.","family":"Hoogduin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Luijten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter C.M.","family":"van Zijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200011)44:5<799::AID-MRM18>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1998.1440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar800192p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","unstructured":"DesmondK StaniszGJ.Pulsed saturation transfer for quantifying CEST in the presence of MT. 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