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Such structures organize into sphere\u2010like nanoparticles that are proposed to be used as carriers to deliver bioactive molecules aimed at controlling the behavior of stem cells, namely their proliferation and differentiation. The nanoparticles did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity in the range of concentrations below 1\u2009mg mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and fluorescent probe labeled nanoparticles were found to be internalized with highly efficiency by both human osteoblast\u2010like cells and rat bone marrow stromal cells, under fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting and fluorescence microscopy analyses. Dexamethasone (Dex) has been incorporated into CMCht\/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles and release rates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, the biochemical data demonstrates that the Dex\u2010loaded CMCht\/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells, in vitro. 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