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Even though different fabrication techniques, based on material science engineering and microfluidics, are used to generate such microenvironments, mimicking the native tissue gradient is still a challenge. Here, the fabrication of 3D structures are described with linear\/random porosity and gradient distribution of hydroxyapatite microparticles which are combined with a gradient of growth factors generated by a dual chamber for the development of heterotypic\u2010like tissues. The hydroxyapatite gradient is formed by applying a thermal ramp from the first to the second gel layer, and the porous architecture is controlled through ice templating. A 3D osteochondral (OC) tissue model is developed by codifferentiating fat pad adipose\u2010derived stem cells. Osteogenic and chondrogenic markers expression is spatially controlled, as it occurs in the native osteochondral unit. Additionally, a prevasculature is spatially induced by the perfusion of proangiogenic medium in the bone\u2010like region, as observed in the native subchondral bone. Thus, in this study, precise spatial control is developed over cell\/tissue phenotype and formation of prevasculature which opens up possibilities for the study of complex tissues interfaces, with broader applications in drug testing and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]],"date-time":"2018-10-28T10:18:44Z","timestamp":1540721924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Biochemical Gradients to Generate 3D Heterotypic\u2010Like Tissues with Isotropic and Anisotropic Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl F.","family":"Canadas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B's Research Group I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and 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