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Additionally, since the supported lipid bilayer mimics the cell membrane, its thermal properties are fundamentally important to understand the spatial variations of temperature and heat transfer across membranes. Herein, a new approach is described that enables direct measurement of these thermal properties using a LiYF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>:Er<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Yb<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> upconverting nanoparticle encapsulated within a conformal supported lipid bilayer and dispersed in water as a temperature probe yielding the temperature gradient across the bilayer. The thermal conductivity of the lipid bilayer is measured as a function of the temperature, being 0.20 \u00b1 0.02 W m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> K<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at 300 K. For the uncapped nanoparticles dispersed in water, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is also measured in the 300\u2013314 K range as [0.63\u20130.69] \u00b1 0.11 W m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> K<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Using a lumped elements model, the directional heat transfer is calculated at each of the system interfaces, namely, nanoparticle\u2013bilayer and bilayer\u2013nanofluid, opening a new avenue to understand the membrane biophysical properties as well as the thermal properties of organic and polymer coatings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1568005366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Thermal Properties of Lipid Bilayers Determined Using Upconversion Nanothermometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ana R. N.","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro  3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos D. S.","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro  3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paola A.","family":"Rojas\u2010Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research Concordia University  7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"DeWolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research Concordia University  7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada"}]},{"given":"Rute A. 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