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However, developing efficient, earth\u2010abundant electrocatalysts that can survive under harsh corrosive conditions for a long time is still a significant technical challenge. Herein, the fabrication of a self\u2010supported nickel\u2010iron phosphosulfide (NiFeSP) nanotube array electrode through a two\u2010step sulfurization\/phosphorization approach is reported. The as\u2010obtained NiFeSP nanotubes comprise abundant NiFeS\/NiFeP heterointerfaces and under\u2010coordinated metal sites, exhibiting outstanding activity and durability for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in simulated alkaline\u2010seawater solution (KOH + NaCl), with an overpotential of 380 (HER) and 260 mV (OER) at 500 mA cm<jats:sup>\u20102<\/jats:sup> and outstanding durability of 1000 h. Theoretical calculations support the observed outstanding performance, showing that the heterointerface and under\u2010coordinated metal sites synergistically lower the energy barrier of the rate\u2010determining step reactions. The NiFeSP electrode also shows good catalytic performance for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). By coupling UOR with HER, the bifunctional NiFeSP electrode pair can efficiently catalyze the overall urea\u2010mediated alkaline\u2010saline water electrolysis at 500 mA cm<jats:sup>\u20102<\/jats:sup> under 1.938 V for 1000 h without notable performance degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202206138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T22:55:56Z","timestamp":1657752956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Highly Efficient and Stable Saline Water Electrolysis Enabled by Self\u2010Supported Nickel\u2010Iron Phosphosulfide Nanotubes With Heterointerfaces and Under\u2010Coordinated Metal Active Sites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga  4715\u2010330 Braga Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE\u2010LCM \u2013 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2013 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200\u2010465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200\u2010465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of Technology  Qingdao 266033 P. 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China"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Martin\u2010Diaconescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALBA Synchrotron  Carrer Llum 2\u201326, Cerdanyola del Valles 08290 Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Simonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALBA Synchrotron  Carrer Llum 2\u201326, Cerdanyola del Valles 08290 Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Ruiz Esquius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga  4715\u2010330 Braga Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isilda","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga  4715\u2010330 Braga Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga  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