{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:08:36Z","timestamp":1776697716094,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO\u20102016\/23\/B\/ST5\/02861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO\u20102016\/23\/B\/ST5\/02861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Funct Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) are well known for their high efficiencies under 1\u00a0sun (AM1.5G), however, PSC can also generate power by harvesting the low\u2010light available indoors. Here, three flexible PSC architectures are presented for indoor applications: with a metal electrode aiming for high efficiency; carbon electrode aiming for high stability and compatibility with large\u2010scale production; and hole transport material (HTM)\u2010free carbon for simplifying the fabrication process. A maximum efficiency of 30.9% (30.0%) under 1000\u00a0lux (200\u00a0lux) is obtained for a PSC with gold electrode. A maximum efficiency of 25.4% (24.7%) and 23.1% (22.3%) is obtained for the carbon devices with and without HTM, respectively, under 1000\u00a0lux (200\u00a0lux). To the best of the author's knowledge, the efficiency values presented here for a device with a carbon\u2010based electrode, with and without HTM, are the record values for a flexible PSC at indoor light conditions. Furthermore, the HTM\u2010free carbon device kept 84% of its initial efficiency after 1000\u00a0h at MPPT and lost virtually no performance after 1000\u00a0h at 85\u00a0\u00b0C. Also, non\u2010encapsulated devices of all configurations withstood 1600\u00a0h in air with a maximum loss in efficiency of 6%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202206761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T03:35:50Z","timestamp":1658892950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Charge Extraction in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell Architectures for Indoor Applications \u2013 with up to 31% Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saule TechnologiesWroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"LEPABE \u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias PT 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saule TechnologiesWroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"Saule Research Institute Wroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"}]},{"given":"Luigi Angelo","family":"Castriotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Via del Politecnico 1 IT 00177 Roma Italy"}]},{"given":"David","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF University of Freiburg  Stefan\u2010Meier\u2010Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE  Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Senol","family":"\u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saule TechnologiesWroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"Saule Research Institute Wroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"Solaveni GmbH  Luxemburgerstr. 90 50939 K\u00f6ln Germany"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE \u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias PT 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e9lio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE \u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias PT 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200\u2013465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aldo Di","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHOSE, Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Via del Politecnico 1 IT 00177 Roma Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM\u2010CNR)  Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 00133 Rome Italy"}]},{"given":"Uli","family":"W\u00fcrfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF University of Freiburg  Stefan\u2010Meier\u2010Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence livMatS University of Freiburg  Georges\u2010K\u00f6hler\u2010Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saule TechnologiesWroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"Saule Research Institute Wroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1vid","family":"Forg\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saule TechnologiesWroclaw Technology Park  11 D\u00fanska Str., Sigma building PL 54\u2013427 Wroclaw Poland"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","volume-title":"State of IoT 2022: Number of connected IoT devices growing 18% to 14.4 billion globally","author":"Hasan M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570180816666190112141857"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Chapter Ten \u2013 Organic and perovskite photovoltaics for indoor applications","author":"Hin Lee H. K.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC03251H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201503448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201901980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c00997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"9","author":"Jagadamma L. K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c02475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c00702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201901631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2967136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02670-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.14.024031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56338-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202000502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA11564A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA02808K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC04727B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE02095A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109879"}],"container-title":["Advanced Functional Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adfm.202206761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adfm.202206761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adfm.202206761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T21:19:11Z","timestamp":1759785551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adfm.202206761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adfm.202206761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202206761","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-301X","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-3028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2206761"}}