{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:38:21Z","timestamp":1773679101761,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2134488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2134488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Funct Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Additive manufacturing of bio\u2010stabilized earthen materials offers a low\u2010carbon, waste\u2010free path to sustainable construction. Although various biopolymer additives have been used to improve printability, their ability to deliver cohesion, high mechanical strength, and shape retention in a unified formulation remains limited. We report a synergistic combination of biopolymers\u2014xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG)\u2014that meets all these requirements. XG and LBG form a reversible supramolecular gel network that couples strong mineral surface binding with enhanced internal structuration. Compared to single\u2010polymer systems, XG\u2013LBG mixtures exhibit four\u2010 to tenfold increases in yield stress, an order\u2010of\u2010magnitude higher storage modulus, and markedly improved thixotropic breakdown and recovery\u2014key properties for extrusion\u2010based additive manufacturing. To uncover the underlying interaction mechanisms, we develop an experimental workflow that integrates polymer rheology, sequential physicochemical characterization, and suspension rheology. This approach enables us to decouple the roles of polymer\u2013polymer, polymer\u2013clay, and clay\u2013clay interactions. Based on these findings, we identify two critical characteristics of polymer\u2010based rheology modifiers that improve buildability in 3D\u2010printed earthen materials: a strong binding affinity to mineral surfaces and sufficient intrinsic gelation to maintain structural integrity during and after extrusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.74957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:34:34Z","timestamp":1773675274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Programming Earthen Materials\u2019 Shape Retention with Synergistic Biopolymers for 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7238-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yierfan","family":"Maierdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Columbia University  New York USA"}]},{"given":"Akul N.","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette USA"}]},{"given":"Yohan","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark  Lyngby Denmark"}]},{"given":"Sabrina Fazio","family":"DeAraujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Columbia University  New York USA"}]},{"given":"Kendra A.","family":"Erk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette USA"},{"name":"School of Sustainability Engineering and Environmental Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette USA"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Columbia University  New York USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction Not Just Another Brick in the Wall: The Solutions Exist \u2010 Scaling Them Will Build on Progress and Cut Emissions Fast. Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2024\/2025 United Nations Environment Programme(2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2008.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.132496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Facilitating Earthen Construction Through Bio\u2010Based Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technologies","author":"Yierfan M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2025.113092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2021.2001304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.135101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.135891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.103","article-title":"Global Distribution of Clay\u2010size Minerals on Land Surface for Biogeochemical and Climatological Studies","volume":"4","author":"Ito A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c00696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2024.107551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018523029030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100010(199901)79:1<25::AID\u2010JSFA164>3.0.CO;2\u2010D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04366D","article-title":"Xanthan Gum Derivatives: Review of Synthesis, Properties and Diverse Applications","volume":"10","author":"Patel J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Advanced"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Faraday Syrup","volume":"18","author":"Ross\u2010Murphy S. 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