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However, the lack of neurotrophic factors in the proximal area and their visible effects in axonal retrograde transport following nerve injury is one of the factors causing an incomplete nerve regeneration. Herein, an advanced conduit made of silk fibroin is produced, which can incorporate growth factors and promote an effective regeneration after injury. For that, enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin\u2010based conduits are developed to be used as a platform for the controlled delivery of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor and glial\u2010cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are incorporated using two different methodologies: i) crosslinking and ii) absorption method. The release profile is measured by ELISA technique. The bioactivity of the neurotrophic factors is evaluated in vitro by using primary dorsal root ganglia. When implanted in a 10\u00a0mm sciatic nerve defect in rats, GDNF\u2010loaded silk fibroin conduits reveal retrograde neuroprotection as compared to autografts and plain silk fibroin conduit. Therefore, the novel design presents a substantial improvement of retrograde trafficking, neurons\u2019 protection, and motor nerve reinnervation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T02:45:16Z","timestamp":1604976316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Engineering Silk Fibroin\u2010Based Nerve Conduit with Neurotrophic Factors for Proximal Protection after Peripheral Nerve Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cristiana R.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B's Research Group\u2010Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho  Barco Guimar\u00e3es 4805\u2010017 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  Piscataway NJ 08854 USA"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Silva\u2010Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B's Research Group\u2010Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho  Barco Guimar\u00e3es 4805\u2010017 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui L.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B's Research Group\u2010Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho  Barco Guimar\u00e3es 4805\u2010017 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B's Research Group\u2010Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho  Barco Guimar\u00e3es 4805\u2010017 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  Piscataway NJ 08854 USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","first-page":"303","volume":"11","author":"Wiberg M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. 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