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Therefore, tunable, sensitive, high\u2010throughput assays are needed to help diagnose future virion\u2010mediated outbreaks. Herein, it is developed a tunable in situ assay to selectively enrich virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and simultaneously detect antigens and nucleic acids at a single\u2010particle resolution. The Biochip Antigen and RNA Assay (BARA) enhanced sensitivities compared to quantitative reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR), enabling the detection of virions in asymptomatic patients, genetic mutations in single virions, and enabling the continued long\u2010term expression of viral RNA in the EV\u2010enriched subpopulation in the plasma of patients with post\u2010acute sequelae of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID\u201019). BARA revealed highly accurate diagnoses of COVID\u201019 by simultaneously detecting the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid\u2010encoding RNA in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples. Altogether, the single\u2010particle detection of antigens and viral RNA provides a tunable framework for the diagnosis, monitoring, and mutation screening of current and future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T17:38:48Z","timestamp":1717177128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrated Antigenic and Nucleic Acid Detection in Single Virions and Extracellular Vesicles with Viral Content"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kim Truc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University  Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilal Y.","family":"Rima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William G. 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