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Notably, protein\u2010based hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix, promoting cell adhesion. Further enhancing cell proliferation within these scaffolds are matrix\u2010metalloproteinase\u2010triggered amino acid motifs. Integration of cell\u2010friendly modules like peptides and proteins expands hydrogel functionality. These exceptional properties position hydrogels for diverse applications, including biomedicine, biosensors, environmental remediation, and the food industry. Despite significant progress, there is ongoing research to optimize hydrogels for biomedical and environmental applications further. Engineering novel hydrogels with favorable characteristics is crucial for regulating tissue architecture and facilitating ecological remediation. This review explores the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological implications of various hydrogel types and their extensive applications in biomedicine and environmental sectors. 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