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Conductive composite hydrogels, featuring tissue\u2010mimetic mechanics and multi\u2010modal sensing capabilities, have emerged as ideal bio\u2010electronic interfaces for these systems. This review systematically provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel\u2010interfaced active rehabilitation systems, progressing from fundamental material design and system architecture to applications. We first outline strategies to enhance hydrogels' biocompatibility, mechanical properties, environmental robustness, self\u2010adhesion, and conductivity. Next, we delineate the closed\u2010loop architecture comprising perception, decision, and execution layers, and trace two end\u2010to\u2010end demonstrations from ionic\u2010to\u2010electronic transduction through algorithmic decoding to physical feedback. Furthermore, we highlight applications in limb motor recovery, swallowing, language, and cognitive rehabilitation, and neural, bone, and tendon regeneration. Finally, we discuss persistent challenges in signal decoupling, material trade\u2010offs, energy autonomy, and clinical validation, and envision future directions toward AI\u2010driven personalization, variable\u2010stiffness hydrogels, self\u2010powered integration, and standardized benchmarking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.74742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:06:58Z","timestamp":1787389618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrogel\u2010Interfaced Active Rehabilitation System: From Materials Design and Architecture to Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9696-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haofeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou P. 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