{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:33:38Z","timestamp":1769837618776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018696","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010676","name":"H2020 Societal Challenges","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101036702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010676","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Materials Technologies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Miniaturized three\u2010electrode electrochemical sensors (MES) are widely used in the advancement of innovative technologies for remote\u00a0sensing applications. MESs consist of conductive electrodes that are applied onto an inert solid substrate using various techniques, such as photolithography, electroplating, and screen printing. Typical MES systems comprise working (WE) and counter (CE) electrodes based on gold (Au), paired with a reference electrode (RE) based on silver (Ag). This configuration is commonly selected due to Au's high conductivity, low resistance, and compatibility with robust organothiol chemistries, especially for the WE. Moreover, Ag is often preferred for REs owing to its low toxicity, stability, and high conductivity. Nevertheless, in uncontrolled environments outside of cleanrooms, both Au and Ag surfaces are prone to atmospheric contamination, resulting in significant sensor variability and compromised analytical performance. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate a pre\u2010processing stage into the sensor manufacturing process to guarantee the quality and cleanliness of MES electrode surfaces for sensor functionalization and precise electrochemical measurements. Considering the potential negative effects of methods tailored for a specific electrode material on another material, this study extensively investigates 18 different treatment methods for MESs incorporating Au CEs and WEs, along with Ag REs. Employing a multi\u2010parametric analysis, this study aims to identify the most effective treatment for a variety of electrode materials, thereby improving analytical accuracy and reproducibility for subsequent MES (bio)sensor applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202301464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T05:48:37Z","timestamp":1714456117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi\u2010Parametric Decision System for Analytical Performance Assessment of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte Nuno","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Evelyn C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2220-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Ant\u00f3nio Dias","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular and Analytical Medicine Laboratory Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u0113s","family":"Mendes Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL)  Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga Braga 4715\u2010330 Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0181-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00443-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA03288C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"H.Hamzah A.Abd Manaf O.Sidek presented atIEEE Asia Pacific Conf. on Circuits and Systems Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Dec 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10040723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2011.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-021-01604-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9040150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/abc6dc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00552B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061774m"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6254\/aafe77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"P.Pathak R. H. T.Li W.Hyoung Lee H. J.Cho presented atIEEE Sensors Applications Symp. (SAS) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia March 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2008.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la0518804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.919551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1712-0_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC00625H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40828-020-0110-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.2c00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-04091-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.04.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/016942410X511042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"Zhao L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2021.115229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0904-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.038"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/admt.202301464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:52:08Z","timestamp":1759776728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/admt.202301464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/admt.202301464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.202301464","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2365-709X","2365-709X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2365-709X","type":"print"},{"value":"2365-709X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2301464"}}